表连接的方式如join,semi-join,outer-join,anti-join;
表连接的实现方式如nested loop,merge,hash.本文简单的介绍表连接的方式join,semi-join,outer-join,anti-join和适用情景。假设2个数据源(row source).
Emp(id pk,ename,deptno) Dept(deptno pk,dname)如下是join
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dname.deptno;2个数据源键值一一比较,返回相互匹配的记录集for example: nested loop joinfor x in ( select * from emp )loopfor y in ( select * from dept)loopif ( x.deptno == y.deptno )OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)End ifend loopend loopouter-join
select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno= dept.deptno(+);select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno(+)=dept.deptno;2个数据源键值一一比较,返回相互匹配的;但如果在另外一个row source没有找到匹配的也返回记录for example: nested loop outer-joinfor x in ( select * from emp )loopfind_flag=false;for y in ( select * from dept)loopif ( x.deptno == y.deptno )OutPut_Record(x.ename,y.dname)Find_flag=trueEnd ifend loopif ( find_flag == false )OutPut_Record(x.ename,null)End if end loopsemi-joinselect dname from dept where exists( select null from emp where emp.deptno=dept.deptno)多在子查询exists中使用,对外部row source的每个键值,查找到内部row source匹配的第一个键值后就返回,如果找到就不用再查找内部row source其他的键值了。for example: nested loop semi-join for x in ( select * from dept )loopfor y in ( select * from emp)loopif ( x.deptno == y.deptno )OutPut_Record(x.dname)Break;End ifend loopend loopanti-join
select ename,deptno from emp,dept where emp.deptno!=dept.deptno多用于!= not in 等查询;如果找到满足条件(!= not in)的不返回,不满足条件(!= not in)的返回。和join相反。 for example: nested loop anti-joinfor x in ( select * from emp )loopfor y in ( select * from dept)loopif ( x.deptno != y.deptno )OutPut_Record(x.dname,y.deptno)End ifend loopend loop